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The risk of death from CAD for a given age decreased between 19, especially in developed countries. It makes up 15.6% of all deaths, making it the most common cause of death globally. In 2015, CAD affected 110 million people and resulted in 8.9 million deaths. In those with stable CAD it is unclear if PCI or CABG in addition to the other treatments improves life expectancy or decreases heart attack risk. Procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) may be used in severe disease. Additional medications such as antiplatelets (including aspirin), beta blockers, or nitroglycerin may be recommended. Treatment involves the same measures as prevention. There is limited evidence for screening people who are at low risk and do not have symptoms. Medications for diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure are sometimes used. Ways to reduce CAD risk include eating a healthy diet, regularly exercising, maintaining a healthy weight, and not smoking. A number of tests may help with diagnoses including: electrocardiogram, cardiac stress testing, coronary computed tomographic angiography, and coronary angiogram, among others. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, depression, and excessive alcohol. Other complications include heart failure or an abnormal heartbeat. In many cases, the first sign is a heart attack. Shortness of breath may also occur and sometimes no symptoms are present. Usually symptoms occur with exercise or emotional stress, last less than a few minutes, and improve with rest. A common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw.
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Types include stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. It is the most common of the cardiovascular diseases. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) Īspirin, beta blockers, nitroglycerin, statins Ĭoronary artery disease ( CAD), also called coronary heart disease ( CHD), ischemic heart disease ( IHD), or simply heart disease, involves the reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle due to build-up of plaque ( atherosclerosis) in the arteries of the heart. Healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, not smoking High blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol Įlectrocardiogram, cardiac stress test, coronary computed tomographic angiography, coronary angiogram Heart failure, abnormal heart rhythms, myocardial infarction (heart attack), cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest Ītherosclerosis of the arteries of the heart Illustration depicting atherosclerosis in a coronary artery These procedures may be balloon angioplasty (to widen blocked arteries and smoosh down the plaque buildup), coronary artery bypass graft surgery (to restore blood flow to the heart in open chest surgery), and an enhanced external counterpulsation (to stimulate the formation of new small blood vessels to naturally bypass clogged arteries in a noninvasive procedure).Medical condition Coronary artery diseaseĪtherosclerotic heart disease, atherosclerotic vascular disease, coronary heart disease
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If your condition doesn’t improve with lifestyle changes and medication, your doctor may recommend a procedure to increase blood flow to your heart. For example quit smoking, reduce consumption of alchol, excercise regularly, lose weight to a healthy level, and eat a healthy diet. Lifestyle changes can also reduce your risk of heart disease and stroke.
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For example, your doctor may prescribe medication therapy to treat high cholesterol or high blood pressure, or you may receive medication to control blood sugar if you have diabetes. Treatment also depends on your current health condition, risk factors, and overall wellbeing. It’s important to reduce or control your risk factors and seek treatment to lower the chance of a heart attack or stroke, if you’re diagnosed with CAD.